Niacinamide is a type of vitamin B3 that can help to manage acne, pigmentation issues and wrinkles. It has anti-inflammatory properties and there’s evidence that it helps to repair the outer layer of the skin, which can help with inflammation too. Reducing inflammation is key to reducing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation that can cause dark marks.

It’s thought to work on hyperpigmentation, fine lines and wrinkles too and is great combined with retinoids and antioxidants like vitamin C.

Candour Recommends: Meylon Day Cream

Candid Notes: A small number of people can be sensitive to niacinamide, especially when used in high concentrations so keep an eye out for any irritation.

Mandelic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that comes from almonds and is used as an anti-ageing powerhouse to smooth skin and bring back glow. It’s also really gentle on the skin, without the risks of irritation that can come with other acids.

It buffs away dead skin cells and stimulates the skin regeneration and collagen production whilst reducing oil production too. It’s been shown to reduce melasma by as much as 50% in 4 weeks, so can work really well to reduce dark marks.

Candid Recommends: Mandelic Pigmentation Night Corrector Serum

Candid Notes: If you’re not already using SPF in your routine, there are a hundred reasons to add it in – especially if you’re using an acid as they can make your skin more sensitive to UVA rays.

Retinol comes from vitamin A and is used for anti-ageing, fighting acne and achieving glow. They can really help with hyperpigmentation, uneven skin tone and ashy, dull skin as they increase cell turnover. They can also help with collagen production (which is where the anti-ageing benefits of retinol come in) which is key to younger-looking, plumped-up skin.

Candour Recommends: Retinal & Peptides Repair Night Serum

Candid Notes: Go easy with retinoids as overuse can cause irritation, inflammation and pigmentation. Start off slowly and build up the concentration that you use. A cream formulation can be better for the skin than a gel as they include moisturisers.

Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that’s derived from sugar cane. It’s a chemical exfoliant that breaks apart the bonds that hold dead skin in place, increasing cell turnover and collagen production as well as increasing radiance and glow. Because it stimulates collagen production, it’s great for fine lines, wrinkles and firmer skin.

Glycolic acid penetrates the skin really easily and is super-effective for tackling dull, textured skin. It’s also a great choice for preventing and handling acne as it reduces build up. It’s also good for handling hyperpigmentation, making it a great choice for darker skin.

Candour Recommends: Evolve Organic Beauty Liquid Radiance Glycolic Toner

Candid Notes: Glycolic acid works well for darker skin but should never be overused or used in too strong a concentration, as this can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Hyaluronic acid occurs naturally in the skin but production of it decreases as we age, leading to dry and dull skin. It’s essential for maintaining hydrated skin, not only does it attract moisture to the skin, it helps your cells to retain and regulate it too.

Hyaluronic acid keeps your skin soft, plump and radiant which also makes lines, wrinkles and signs of ageing less visible. It’s suitable for all skin types and recent research has even shown it has antioxidant properties. If you struggle with dry or dehydrated skin then hyaluronic acid is a must-have.

Candour Recommends: Acne Hydrating Serum

Candid Notes: Use hyaluronic as part of a skin routine and healthy lifestyle – it can’t stop dry skin for good on its own.